![]() ![]() The diversity in material selection and preparation methods gives electrospun scaffolds great flexibility for the application of drug delivery. Electrospun drug delivery scaffolds have emerged as essential applications in the biomedical field. Therefore, electrospun scaffolds have remarkable advantages in both ECM-biomimetic structures and the loading of bioactive substances. In order to functionalize the scaffolds for the promotion of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, nanofibers of the scaffold can be loaded with many bioactive substances, such as proteins, peptides, and small-molecule drugs. Furthermore, the ECM can bind, release, and activate signaling molecules and can also modulate the cell’s reaction to soluble factors. Scaffolds prepared by electrospinning have tremendous advantages for tissue engineering, such as a large specific surface area, high porosity, extracellular matrix (ECM)-biomimetic structures, and better biocompatibility. Using electrospinning, various polymers including synthetic and natural materials (as well as blends of the two in consideration of the mechanical properties) can be fabricated as diverse tissue-engineering scaffolds possessing nanofibrous structure. Generally, in the electrospinning process, a polymer solution generates a cone-shaped drop beneath the needle under a strong electric field then, the polymer drops overcome the surface tension to eject polymer nanofibers into the low electric field. The electrospinning technique applies electrostatic principles to fabricate electrospun nanofibers. The set-up of a typical electrospinning apparatus mainly consists of a spinneret (e.g., a medical injector with a blunt tip), a boost pump for controlling the extrusion rate of a polymer solution, a direct-current electric field, and a grounded collector. In these studies, due to the optimal selection of drugs and loading methods based on electrospinning, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that these scaffolds exhibited desirable effects for the repair and treatment of damaged tissue and, thus, have excellent potential for clinical application.Įlectrospinning technology has been widely utilized for the preparation of tissue-engineering scaffolds. ![]() These studies are based on the fabrication of electrospun biomaterials for the repair of blood vessels, nerve tissues, cartilage, bone defects, and the treatment of aneurysms and skin wounds, as well as their applications related to oral mucosa and dental fields. This is a review of recent research on electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, the development of preparation methods, and the delivery of various bioactive molecules. Various drugs including antibiotic agents, vitamins, peptides, and proteins can be incorporated into electrospun scaffolds using different electrospinning techniques and drug-loading methods. Due to the diversity in materials and method selection for electrospinning, a great flexibility in drug delivery systems can be achieved. In addition to the structural simulation for accelerating the repair process and achieving a high-quality regeneration, the combination of biomaterials and bioactive molecules is required for an ideal tissue-engineering scaffold. Tissue engineering aims to fabricate functional biomaterials for the repairment and regeneration of defective tissue. Electrospinning technologies have been applied in the field of tissue engineering as materials, with nanoscale-structures and high porosity, can be easily prepared via this method to bio-mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). ![]()
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